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1. What is matter?

It is a single element in solid or liquid form
It is anything that has weight and occupies space
It is a chemical element that is always naturally occurring
It is two or more elements that are combined

2. Which of the following illustrates a form of kinetic energy?

Wind
Microwaves
Cosmic rays
All of the above

3. Which of the following is NOT one of the four interconnected environmental layers of the earth?

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Hemisphere

4. The study of the interaction of living organisms with one another and with their non-living environment of matter and energy is called

Population biology
Environmental economics
Botany
Ecology

5. The relationship between which pair of the following animals is an example of resource partitioning?

sheep and dog
sheep and owl
owl and hawk
dog and owl

6. Phytoplankton are eaten by

fish
birds
mammals
reptiles

7. Prairie potholes are examples of wetlands that are:

seasonal
covered with water throughout the year
uninhabitable
tundra wetlands

8. Which of the following organisms has the greatest biotic potential?

mosquito
cat
sheep
whale

9. What is an environmental resistance?

The time required for the birth rate to fall and death rate to rise in response to environmental resource limits
The limits set by the environment that prevent organisms from reproducing indefinitely at an exponential rate
The rate at which producers in an ecosystem capture and store chemical energy
The full range of physical, chemical, and biological factors each species could use if there was no competition from other species

10. Which of the following conditions is most suitable for the occurrence of primary succession?

Fresh farmland
Abandoned farmland
A surface-mined area
All of the above

11. Humans are:

Chemotrophs
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Homotrophs

12. An example of a keystone species is:

The zebra mussel in Ontario
The sea lamprey in the Great Lakes
The moose in the boreal forest
The sea otter in the kelp beds off the coast of British Columbia

13. Food webs rarely have more than four trophic levels because:

Bioconcentration results in toxic effects at higher levels
Nutrients are simplified as you move up the food chain
Nutrients are lost as you move up the food chain
Energy is progressively depleted

14. Compared with its level of gross primary productivity, which of the following would have the greatest net primary productivity?

A cow
A human workaholic
An eagle
A plant

15. Whether a biome is dominated by grassland, forest, or desert is largely determined by:

Soil depth and fertility
The average number of growing degree days
The average temperature in January
Precipitation

16. The following are prokaryotic organisms:

Amoebas, algae, and slime moulds
Carnations, tomatoes, and peanuts
Bacteria
Mushrooms, yeasts, and the plants lacking chlorophyll

17. The following is NOT true of the nitrogen cycle:

It includes a major macronutrient
It includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria
It involves soil ammonia, atmospheric nitrogen gas, and soil nitrates
It is unaffected by incoming collar radiation or gravity

18. The following is NOT true of the phosphorus cycle:

It includes up to three steps involving atmospheric phosphorous
It includes phosphates locked up in rocks
It involves bird guano and cattle manure
If phosphate enters aquatic ecosystems during the cycle, a major algal bloom may appear

19. The following is NOT true of the carbon cycle:

It includes producers that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or the hydrosphere
Carbon is never stored for long at any step because it is so volatile
Human activities have generally increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere steps of the cycle
Carbon is returned to the atmosphere through the respiration of animal

20. The ocean floor is also known as:

The littoral zone
The anaerobic zone
The pelagic zone
The benthic zone