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1. An increasing demand for water in urban areas and in agricultural and industrial sectors will likely affect water availability in Canada. Which of the following would be the best means of solving the future water shortage?

Reduce the Canadian population by 5%
Improve technological innovation to help develop new supplies
Reduce the number of people in the agricultural sector in order to reduce the amount of water use for irrigation purposes
Harvest rainwater to supplement the fresh water

2. The wetlands located in the following three jurisdictions represent 14% of Canada’ s total area.

Yukon Territory, Saskatchewan, and Ontario
Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Alberta
Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec
Manitoba, Ontario, and Northwest Territories

3. Which of the following countries has the largest supply of water per capita (m³/year)?

Australia
Brazil
China
India

4. An example of “ instream use” of water is:

fisheries
irrigation
mineral extraction
manufacturing

5. The environmental and health problems associated with BOD are likely to be higher in Alberta than in most places in Canada because:

Alberta has most of the shallow rivers in Canada
most of Alberta’ s farms are irrigated
most of Canada’ s runoff takes place in Alberta
all of the above

6. Which of the following reasons best explain why Lake Erie’ s organisms shared relatively low concentration of toxic contaminants compared to the other Great Lakes?

Because Lake Erie does not contain many organisms compared to other Great Lakes
Because Lake Erie contains only small proportion of agricultural waste compared to other Great Lakes.
Because Lake Erie contains small soil particles which absorb the pollutants
Because provincial policy protects only Lake Erie against waste disposal

7. Every Canadian who waters their lawn in the summer needs _________ litres of water during the growing season.

40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000

8. In order to achieve the objectives of the Canada– United States Air Quality Agreement, the federal government of Canada has initiated a Canada-Wide Action Rain Strategy for Post-2000. Which of the following is NOT a component of this strategy?

The need for the United States to reduce manufacturing of substances that contain CFCs
The need to seek further SO2 reduction in the United States
The need for new SO2 reduction targets in Eastern Canada
Pollution prevention

9. What is the main focus of Ramsar Convention?

To supply clean water to the poor
To stop the loss of wetlands
To help reduce flooding
To limit water pollution by agriculture

10. In Ontario, the Conservation Authorities Act limits people from:

filling in and constructing on floodplains
conserving wetlands
fishing out of season
discharging waste into rivers

11. Which of the following is NOT true of fresh water:

It is a renewable natural resource
It is essential to the ecological and social well-being of people
Canada’ s supply is large compared with that of other nations
It accounts for about 3% of the Earth’ s total water supply

12. The following is true of Canada’ s freshwater supply:

Fresh water covers about 25% of Canada’ s total area
There is 37 times more fresh groundwater than fresh surface water
Strangely, Canadian scientists know much more about our groundwater supply than they do about surface waters
Except for the Great Lakes, Canada has very few lakes that cover more than 1000 square kilometres

13. Which of the following is NOT true of freshwater use by Canadians:

It has increased from less than 25 billion to more than 45 billion cubic meters from 1972 to 1991
About 4500 litres of water are withdrawn for all uses on average per person per day
The manufacturing and mining industries have actually reduced their withdrawal of water as a result of increased efficiencies and technological advancements
The greatest increase in water consumption since 1972 is owing to municipal and private residential water use

14. When municipal water is subjected to mechanical screening for removal of coarse material such as branches, diapers and bottles, it is said to have been treated by:

Primary water treatment
Secondary water treatment
Tertiary water treatment
Complete water treatment

15. The wastewater produced by most Canadian cities is subjected to:

No water treatment
Only primary water treatment
Only primary and secondary water treatment
Primary, secondary, and tertiary water treatment

16. Most of the water used in Canadian homes (65% of it), is used in the:

Kitchen and for drinking
The laundry room
The bathroom
Outside for lawn watering and car washing

17. If your municipality entered into an agreement with industry, provincial, and federal government agencies, and its own residents to devise a strategy to clean up on of the Areas of Concern on the Great Lakes, you would be developing:

A Great Lakes Management Plan (GLMP)
An Area of Concern strategy (AOC)
A Remedial Action Plan (RAP)
A Conservation Strategy (CS)

18. Which of the following is NOT true of the colossal James Bay Project undertaken by Hydro-Qué bec?

A full environmental assessment was performed before the actual work on the ground was begun
More than 10,000 square kilometres of land were flooded to create hydroelectric power during Phase I
After more than two years on the project, an injunction ordered the developers to stop because the project would damage the environment and destroy the ways of life of the Cree and Inuit
The injunction was overturned because the inconvenience to the developers and their lost investment was ruled to be greater than the potential effects of flooding and road building on the wildlife and the native people living in the area

19. Which of the following is NOT considered to be a problem in Canada?

The loss of wetlands which are vital for wildlife
Pollution of the Great Lakes watershed
Inadequate treatment of municipal wastewater in many areas
The overall national supply of fresh water

20. Fresh water is the most important component of which cycle?

The carbon cycle
The nitrogen cycle
The hydrologic cycle
The phosphorous cycle