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1. Which of the following statements is true about marine mammals?

Their populations are unknown
They are not a significant source of food for people
Scientists are not very interested in their depletion
The whale is the only marine mammal that is currently being studied

2. Which of the following is true about Arctic waters?

All fishing is done at or below the sustainable yield
A variety of fish from Canadian waters provide revenues of $1.5 million annually
Scientists are now certain about the causes of temperature and sea ice changes
None of the above

3. The combination of several ocean currents creates complex oceanographic systems in Canadian Pacific, making it a fertile ground for different kinds of fish species. Which of the following ocean currents is NOT a major contributing one to the Canadian Pacific?

Alaska Coastal Current
Vancouver Island Current
California Current
The Hudson Bay gyre

4. The resources of the Pacific Ocean are important in generating employment in British Columbia. How many people are employed annually in B.C.’ s commercial fishing sector?

10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000

5. Which of the following organizations has estimated that 70 percent of the world’ s marine species have reached or exceeded sustainable levels as a result of human activities?

Environment Canada
UNDP
FAO
WHO

6. Which of the following is NOT true about Canada’ s fishing industry?

In 1986, European Union vessels began to seriously overfish groundfish stocks just outside Canada’ s exclusive economic zone
In 1992, NAFO allocated a Total Allowance Catch of 32,000 tonnes to Russia
Canada has seized Spanish fishing trawlers
All of the above

7. In 1994, about 340 million kilograms of edible fish were dumped back into the ocean off Alaska partly because:

the fish were too big
the fish were unfit to eat due to pollution
the fish were species that would not be eaten by people
none of the above

8. Which of the following is one of the several attempts made by the Government of Canada to conserve the Corner Brook stream area?

A community development program was established by Environment Canada
Environmental Science is a compulsory subject for all first-year students in Sir Wilfred Greenfell College
Scholarship funds are available for environmental programs at the local colleges
Local residents may be fined for mismanagement of the stream

9. Communities in Atlantic Canada are more vulnerable to water-related diseases than any other part of Canada because:

most of the communities are located near marine waters
of its high human population density
the proportion of the population served by waste treatment facilities is relatively low
all of the above

10. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Confederation Bridge?

It is the longest continuous multispan marine bridge in the world
It is located in one of the richest lobster-fishing areas in Atlantic Canada
It was the subject of an environmental impact study that concluded that no significant harm to the environment would result from its construction
All of the above

11. Lipophilic means that compounds tend to:

Accumulate on the ocean floor and remain inert
Increase in concentration as one moves up the food chain
Concentrate in fatty tissue
None of the above

12. True or false: Hydroelectric dams in Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba adversely affect flow patterns that impact the ecological processes of the Arctic.

True
False

13. How far does Canada's exclusive economic zone extend from shore?

12 nautical miles
100 nautical miles
200 nautical miles
to the continental shelf

14. Aquaculture refers to:

The breeding and raising of fish under controlled conditions
A process that involves using naturally occurring or genetically modified microorganisms to break down or degrade hazardous material into less hazardous or non-toxic substances
Fish that are born and develop in rivers and streams, migrate out to sea for long periods of time, and return to their birthplace to spawn and die
None of the above

15. Many degradation issues affect the health of Canadian fisheries. In addition to oil spills, which of the following can cause fishery-related problems?

Ozone depletion
Human ignorance about how ocean ecosystems work
Climate change
All of the above

16. What is a polynya?

Local currents that maintain open waters in northern waters
Areas where salt and freshwaters mix to form open water
An area of unfrozen sea water created by local water currents in northern waters
Wind currents that are associated with El Nino that create open water in northern waters

17. How many trophic levels are characteristically found in Canadian Arctic marine systems?

Two
Three
Five
None of the above

18. PCB levels in marine mammal blubber in the Canadian Arctic are _______ times higher than those found in the Arctic Ocean.

100
10,000
100,000
1,000,000

19. How many countries accounted for about 70% of the world's total catch of fish in 1989?

7
10
25
34

20. Hydroelectric dams and developments in Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba will continue to affect rivers flowing to the Arctic primarily by:

Increasing winter flows and decreasing summer flows
Decreasing winter flows and decreasing summer flows
The hydrologic cycle
Decreasing winter flows and increasing summer flows